Carga por mortalidad del cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe

Fundamento: un análisis de la tendencia al cambio en la mortalidad del cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe y la cuantificación del impacto sobre la esperanza de vida en la población cubana puede ayudar a los investigadores y a los responsables de la formulación de políticas de Salud Pública a tener una visión integral de este problema. Objetivo: estimar la carga por mortalidad de cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe, por sexo, en Cuba en el período comprendido de 2005- 2020. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en el que se utilizaron series de datos quinquenales. El universo estuvo conformado por todas las muertes por cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe para los años estudiados. Se utilizó, para cada año y causas, el número de defunciones, se calcularon tasas por 100 000 habitantes y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos por mortalidad. Se calculó, el promedio y se estimó del cambio porcentual anual. Resultados: las tasas de mortalidad fueron entre 7,62 y 12,23 en hombres y 2,60 y 3,74 en mujeres, por 100 000 habitantes. En cuanto a los años de vida dejados de vivir temparanamente, por cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe se observó que en hombres las tasas asciendieron de 131 en el 2005 a 169 en el 2020 y de 40 a 52 en las mujeres. Concluciones: la carga por cáncer de labio, cavidad bucal y faringe en Cuba ha aumentado, fue superior en hombres, la tendencia es creciente en ambos sexos, por cáncer nasofaríngeo tanto hombres como mujeres fallecieron a edades más tempranas que, por otras localizaciones estudiadas, el cambio porcentual fue superior por cáncer faríngeo.

Background: an analysis of the trend of change in the mortality of cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx and the quantification of the impact on life expectancy in the Cuban population can help researchers and those responsible for formulating health policies. Public to have a comprehensive view of this problem. Objective: to estimate the mortality burden of cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, by sex, in Cuba in the period 2005-2020. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in which five-year data series were used. The universe was made up of all deaths from cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx for the years studied. For each year and causes, the number of deaths was used; rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the years of life potentially lost due to mortality were calculated. The average was calculated and the annual percentage change was estimated. Results: mortality rates were between 7.62 and 12.23 in men and 2.60 and 3.74 in women, per 100,000 inhabitants. Regarding the years of life lost early, due to cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, it was observed that in men the rates rose from 131 in 2005 to 169 in 2020 and from 40 to 52 in women. Conclusions: the burden of cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx in Cuba has increased, it was higher in men, the trend is growing in both sexes, both men and women died at younger ages due to nasopharyngeal cancer than, due to other locations studied, the percentage change was higher for pharyngeal cancer.

Factores de riesgos socio-ambientales asociados al diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de labio en Camagüey

RESUMEN El trabajo constituye un análisis de los diferentes factores que interfieren en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de labio en la población de Camagüey. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde la perspectiva del enfoque Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, que incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad en el período comprendido de enero del 2015 a diciembre del 2020.Se describen los factores socio ambientales que juegan el papel más importante en el origen de las neoplasias de labio que pueden ser modificados desde la comunidad.

ABSTRACT The work constitutes an analysis of the different factors that interfere in the early diagnosis of lip cancer in the population of Camagüey. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, from the perspective of the Science, Technology and Society approach, which included all patients diagnosed with the disease in the period from January 2015 to December 2020.The socio-environmental factors that play the most important role in the origin of lip neoplasms that can be modified from the community are described.

Prevalence of Lip and Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Scc) at a Pathological Anatomy Service in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to trace an epidemiological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases diagnosed as lip and tongue SCC from June 2001 to 2018 at a pathology anatomy service located in Northeastern Brazil. Age, sex, duration, location, growth type, staining, metastasis, etiologic agents and lesion size data were obtained fr om patient clinical files and histopathological reports. A total of 124 cases were recorded, with tongue SCC being the most preval ent. The common characteristics of both assessed SCCs included higher frequency in men, mean age of 60 years old, evidence mostly of exophytic lesions and maximum size of 4 cm, predominantly diagnosed after a maximum of 1 year of appearance. Regarding divergent findings, lip SCC occurred mostly in the lower portion of the lip, presenting a predominantly leukoplastic color, with regular smoking habits and sunlight identified as the main etiological agents, and no strong relation to metastasis. On the other hand, tongue SCC mostly exhibiting predominantly erythroleukoplastic staining, with a greater relationship to alcohol - associated smoking and regular smoking habits. The highest percentage of patients with metastasis presented tongue SCC. Although lip and tongue SCC display a male preference, an increasing amount of female involvement has been noted over the years, due to the adoption of deleterious habits such as smoking and alcoholism. Tongue SCC presented a greater relationship with metastasis and clinical leukoeritroplastic evidence. This greater aggressiveness could be related to the unfavorable locat ion of these lesions in relation to lip SCC, sometimes making it difficult to identify in their early development stages.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue rastrear un perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas (CCE) diagnosticados como CCE de labios y lengua entre junio de 2001 y 2018 en un servicio de anatomía patológica ubicado en el Noreste de Brasil. Los datos de edad, sexo, duración, ubicación, tipo de crecimiento, tinción, metástasis, agentes etiológicos y tamaño de la lesión se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos de los pacientes y los informes histopatológicos. Se revisaron un total de 124 casos, siendo el CCE de lengua el más prevalente. Las características comunes de ambos CCE evaluados incluyeron mayor frecuencia en hombres, edad promedio de 60 años, evidencia mayoritariamente de lesiones exofíticas y tamaño máximo de 4 cm, diagnosticado predominantemente después de un máximo de 1 año de aparición. En cuanto a los hallazgos divergentes, el CCE labial se presentó mayoritariamente en la porción inferior del labio, presentando un color predominantemente leucoplásico, con el hábito de fumar habitualmente y la luz solar identificados como los principales agentes etiológicos, sin una fuerte relación con las metástasis. Por otro lado, el CEC de la lengua presenta en su mayoría tinción predominantemente eritroleucoplásica, con una mayor relación con el tabaquismo asociado con el alcohol y con los hábitos habituales de tabaquismo. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con metástasis presentó CCE de lengua. Aunque el CCE de labios y lengua muestra una preferencia en hombres, se ha observado una cantidad cada vez mayor prevalencia en mujeres a lo largo de los años, debido a la adopción de hábitos nocivos como el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo. El CCE de lengua presentó una mayor relación con la metástasis y la evidencia clínica leucoeritroplásica. Esta mayor agresividad podría estar relacionada con la ubicación desfavorable de estas lesiones en relación al CCE labial, dificultando en ocasiones su identificación en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo.

Comparison of clinical effects of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 lower lip defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the clinical effect of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 defects of the lower lip and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#Ten patients with greater than 2/3 lower lip defects after surgical resection of lower lip tumors and vascular malformations were enrolled: 5 patients were repaired with the Yu flap (Yu flap group) and 5 patients were repaired with the Karapandzic flap (Karapandzic flap group). Follow-up for at least 1 year was conducted to evaluate the morphology (symmetry, stoma, exposure of vermilion) and function (sensory function, motor function) of the reconstructed lower lip.@*Results @#All the flaps survived, and all wounds showed primary healing. The lower lips reconstructed with the Yu flap or the Karapandzic flap obtained similar satisfactory oral function. The sensory function was essentially restored. There were no obvious obstacles in speech and expression, and no saliva leakage occurred. In the Yu flap group, only 1 patient had slight microstomia. In the Karapandzic flap group, 2 patients had slight microstomia and 3 patients had moderate microstomia. 90% (9/10) of the patients were very satisfied with the postoperative outcome, and 1 patient in the Karapandzic flap group was basically satisfied. @*Conclusion@#Both the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap can be used to repair greater than 2/3 lower lip defects and reliable outcomes can be achieved. These two methods can achieve similar oral functions, but the effect of the Karapandzic flap is inferior to that of the Yu flap in terms of aesthetic appearance, and microstomia often occurs, while the Yu flap can generally maintain the original size of the mouth cleft.

Bloqueo de nervio mentoniano para braquiterapia de carcinoma de labio / Mental nerve block for brachytherapy of lip carcinoma

Introducción: El cáncer de labio es el tumor más frecuente de la cavidad oral que afecta, sobre todo, el labio inferior. La braquiterapia es un tratamiento único eficaz en estadios tempranos y como terapia adyuvante a la cirugía en estadios avanzados. Esta técnica es un proceso doloroso por lo que para su realización se han empleado sedaciones profundas, infiltraciones intramusculares de anestésico local y técnicas de anestesia regional, entre otras. Objetivo: Presentar una técnica anestésica diferente y poco descrita como alternativa para disminuir el dolor de la intervención. Presentación del caso: Paciente con carcinoma de labio programado para braquiterapia. Se realiza bloqueo del nervio mentoniano de manera bilateral para el tratamiento en labio inferior. Conclusiones: Este tipo de bloqueo, por su sencillez y eficacia, es una alternativa útil a la sedación profunda para la realización de braquiterapia en el labio inferior(AU)

Introduction: Lip cancer is the most frequent tumor of the oral cavity that affects, above all, the lower lip. Brachytherapy is a unique treatment which is effective in early stages and, as adjuvant therapy to surgery, it is also effective in advanced stages. This technique is a painful process, a reason why deep sedation, intramuscular infiltrations of local anesthetic, and regional anesthesia techniques, among others, have been used. Objective: To present a different and scarcely described anesthetic technique as an alternative to reduce the pain of this intervention. Case presentation: Patient with lip carcinoma scheduled for brachytherapy. Bilateral mental nerve block is performed in the lower lip. Conclusions: This type of block, due to its simplicity and effectiveness, is a useful alternative to deep sedation for brachytherapy in the lower lip(AU)

Carcinoma epidermoide de lábio inferior: análise da incidência e mortalidade no Brasil / Lower lip epidermoid carcinoma: analysis of incidence and mortality in Brazil

O carcinoma epidermoide de lábios tem suas manifestações clínicas iniciais como atrofia, ressecamento e fissuras do vermelhão do lábio inferior com margem indefinida entre o vermelhão e a pele. O diagnóstico precoce é de fundamental relevância nos casos dessa patologia. O cirurgião dentista tem um papel extremamente importante neste caso. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura pertinente sobre o carcinoma epidermoide oral. Metodologia: Essa revisão foi realizada empregando a base de dados do SCIELO, LALICS e BBO - Odontologia, foram pesquisados artigos da literatura com língua inglesa e portuguesa publicados no período de 2013 a 2018 com auxílio dos termos: câncer oral, diagnóstico e fatores associados. Foram excluídos os artigos cujas abordagens antes de 2013, outras línguas as não citadas, teses, projetos e produções não relacionadas a temática. Resultados: Os métodos tradicionais de tratamento oncológico são: cirurgia, radioterapia e a quimioterapia. O tratamento a ser estabelecido estará na dependência da localização, grau histológico de malignidade, estadiamento do tumor e da condição de saúde do indivíduo. Conclusões: O cirurgião-dentista deve estar preparado para diagnosticar e lidar com pacientes que apresentam lesões cancerizáveis com o propósito de diminuir as taxas de incidência e mortalidade e, então, melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas(AU)

Cancer is a cellular modification that is related to the loss of its metabolic regulation and intercellular control in which it differs depending on its type and behaves, biologically, different from a normal cell. From this point of view, lower lip cancer is one of the most frequent manifestations of oral cancer. The most frequent risk factors are stimulated from the practice of harmful habits such as: exposure to sunlight, alcohol consumption and smoking. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lips has its initial clinical manifestations such as atrophy, dryness and fissures of vermilion of the lower lip with indefinite margin between the vermilion and the skin. Early diagnosis is of fundamental relevance in cases of this pathology. The dentist surgeon plays an extremely important role in this case. The traditional methods of cancer treatment are: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The treatment to be established will depend on the location, histological grade of malignancy, tumor staging and the individual's health condition. Therefore, the dental surgeon must be prepared to diagnose and deal with patients who have cancerous lesions in order to reduce incidence and mortality rates and thus improve people's quality of life(AU)

Application of a modified M-shaped flap in defect repair after resection of lower lip cancer / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To observe the clinical effect of the modified M-shaped flap for repairing defects following resection of lower lip cancer and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods @#Fourteen cases using modified M-shaped flaps to repair lower lip cancer surgery defects were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative follow-up patients’ flap survival, mouth opening, denture use, bilateral mouth angle symmetry, recurrence and survival were analyzed.@*Results @#Fourteen patients with lower lip cancer underwent reconstruction immediately after surgery, and the defect range after tumor resection was 30% to 50% of the lower lip. The continuity of the orbicularis oculi muscle is reconstructed by modified M-shaped flap to transfer bilateral residual lip tissue. The blood supply to the flap is stable. All patients’ flaps survived completely without complications, such as hemorrhage, infection or flap necrosis, and their lip movement and sensation recovered well. There were no obvious obstacles in opening and closing or pronunciation and dietary function, and the mean maximum opening was (3.06 ± 0.23) cm. Three patients used active dentures, which could be removed normally. All patients’mouths were preserved. Approximately 85.7% of patients (12/14) had bilateral symmetry of the bilateral mouth, the flaps matched the facial color, and the lower lip was naturally beautiful, as the scar was not obvious. After 6 months to 4 years of follow-up (mean 2 years and 6 months), no recurrence or death occurred.@*Conclusion @#The modified M-shaped valve design is simple and easy to operate. This method can be applied to 30% to 50% defect reconstructions of the lower lip to retain the corner of the mouth.

Transoral Cross-Lip (Abbé-Estlander) Flap as a Viable and Effective Reconstructive Option in Middle Lower Lip Defect Reconstruction

The Abbé-Estlander flap surgery is a cross-lip procedure that is valuable in repairing a defect on the lower lip using a full-thickness flap, consisting of the skin, muscle and mucosa, from the upper lip. As usefulness and practicality of the flap in reconstruction of lower lip surgical defects in Asian ethnicity have not been documented, the authors present a case of successful lower lip reconstruction with a staged, Abbé-Estlander lip switching flap with commissuroplasty as an illustrative example. A 71-year-old male has presented with an ulcerating lip nodule in the middle one third of the lower lip, measuring about 1.5×2 cm across its long and short axes. Wide excision of the tumor was followed by delineation of the triangular Abbé-Estlander flap from the upper lip, in which the medial hinge point of the base was chosen as the pedicle. Then, the flap elevation was carried out from the lateral commissure and then was transferred into the lower lip defect. Three weeks later, commissuroplasty was performed to correct the rounding at the new commissure. The patient is currently performing his daily activities with no apparent compromise in orbicularis oris strength or oral continence. Given the size of the primary defect and the flap-to-defect ratio of size, the degree of microstomia was acceptable. Even with other myriad of reconstructive options at surgeons' disposal, the Abbé-Estlander lip-switching flap is a reliable, and less morbid method of lower lip reconstruction for Asian surgical candidates. The authors illustrate an exemplary case in which a relatively large lower lip defect was successfully repaired using an upper lip flap of a significantly smaller size in an Asian subject of advanced age, without any remarkable long term sequelae which have traditionally been associated with the trans-oral lip switching flap technique.

Keratoacanthoma of the inferior lip: review and report of case with spontaneous regression

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a self-limited benign epithelial proliferative lesion that eventually presents with very similar clinical features to squamous cell carcinoma. Many KA appear in the vermilion border of the lips and therefore dental professionals must be familiar of the disease. This article reports the case of a 40-year-old female patient presenting with an exophytic ulcerative tumor in her lower lip that resolved after incisional biopsy. Photographic documentation of the case is presented and topics that are relevant to the clinical management of the disease are addressed.

Reconstruction after Resection of Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Lip cancer is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is the second most common cancer in the head and neck. Because lip cancer can be detected early, it is readily curable compared with other head and neck malignancies. In the treatment, surgery is recommended for most patients. After resection, reconstruction is important both aesthetically and functionally, because of it's prominent location of face and essential functions of sphincter to assist in mastication, swallowing, phonation, and expressing emotion. Recently, we performed the reconstruction of lower lip defects after resection of cancer using various methods and achieved good results. So we present the cases with a review of literatures.

Cuerno cutáneo: Reconocimiento clínico histopatológico y tratamiento quirúrgico. A propósito de 2 casos / Cutaneous horn: Clinical and histopathological recognizing and surgical treatment. Rreport of two cases

El cuerno cutáneo es una lesión tumoral de aspecto cónico cuya longitud prevalece sobre el diámetro, con gran hiperqueratosis en su extremo y variadas causas e histología pudiendo tener como base una lesión benigna, premaligna o maligna. Su diagnóstico inicial es clínico, sin embargo para descartar malignidad como patología de base siempre es necesario su exéresis quirúrgica y estudio histopatológico. Presentamos dos casos con localización en semimucosa de labio inferior, uno de ellos con aparición simultánea de dos lesiones, manifestación rara en este tipo de tumores, según la literatura. Destacamos la reparación quirúrgica de estas lesiones, efectuando una exéresis en cuña, conservando la forma y funcionalidad del labio.

The cutaneous horn is a conical tumoral lesion whose height is prevalent over the diameter of its base, characterized by hyperkeratotic appearance associated with multiple causes and histological development over benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. The primary diagnosis is mainly suggested by the appearance and course of these lesions, however to discard a malignant base pathology always is necessary the surgical excision and histopathological examination. We report two cases with clinical characteristics in mucosa of the lower lip and simultaneous growth of two lesions together, infrequent observations of this entity in literature reviews. We want to remark the surgical excision of these lesions preserving the shape and function of the lip.